The main areas of this field include: Communications and Networking, Signal Processing, Microwave Engineering, Nanoelectronics and VLSI and Photonics, power, electronics, control, microelectronics, signal processing, source and channel coding, switching theory and techniques, telecommunications,  radar, sonar, antennas, wave propagation, electromagnetic fields, instrumentation and computers, electronic circuits, signals and systems, power electronics, applied electromagnetic theory, integrated circuits, VLSI, control systems and computer architecture.